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| 发布时间：2007-5-31 来源：金融时报-金时网 作者：夏国洪 刘旭儒 点击数：
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诚信，从电子商务登陆中国以来，一直都是电子商务在中国快速发展的瓶颈。由于消费者同电子商务企业通过网页交流，双方很难有面对面直接沟通的机会，彼此的信任一般都是通过感受和体验等比较初级的手段，并没有成熟的体制或者适合的载体来支持开放性的真实信息的传递。于是，消费者无法准确地知道经营者的信用状况，只能凭借着自己的经验和判断进行消费；经营者无法完全地了解消费者的真实程度，只能遵循着对方的需要和要求实现销售。在双方互相探索和尝试信用程度的集合之中，中国的电子商务难免有许多尴尬和无奈，千分之一的交易成功率就是一个很好的证明。
信用是市场经济的基础和生命线，特别是在经济全球化的过程中，信用是进入国际市场的通行证。电子商务作为一种商业活动，信用同样是其存在和发展的基础。电子商务和信用服务都是发展很快的新兴领域，市场前景广阔。从二者的关系看，一方面，电子商务需要信用体系，而信用体系也很可能最先在电子商务领域取得广泛的应用并体现其价值。没有信用体系支持的电子商务活动风险极高，后果不堪设想。
完善健全的信用管理体系，包括国家关于信用方面的立法、执法；政府对征信行业的监督管理；行业自律等方面。而目前我国在这方面仍然存在严重的不足，并未建立起健全的征信管理体系，缺乏有效的失信、违规行为监督惩罚机制，尚处于信用制度建立的初级阶段，各个方面还是不太规范，存在的主要问题有：一是市场化运作模式虽已初露端倪，但运作存在不规范现象。拿企业征信来说，我国已初步形成了不同类型的征信公司按照商业化原则在市场上开展竞争的格局，目前已有中国诚信证券评估有限公司、大公国际资信评估有限责任公司、联合资信评估有限公司等知名征信机构。然而与之相配套的监管体制相对落后，缺乏对征信机构、征信活动有效的管理，出现了一些征信机构采取低价格、高回扣、高评级的手段抢夺市场，使评级结果成为一种可以买卖商品的不规范情况。二是未形成有效的行政管理机制。多头管理现象仍然存在，管理要求不一，给企业增加了不必要的管理负担。同时，各部门未形成合力，又缺少对整个行业行使统一管理的行政管理部门。三是行业自律尚未形成。从事征信行业的队伍总体素质和水平偏低，缺乏对从业人员必要的管理，以及行使行业标准制定、行业国际交流的职能机构。
建立完善的诚信体系已成为制约我国电子商务迅速发展的一大瓶颈。要从根本上改善电子商务的诚信问题，应该通过如下途径进行改革：
建立完善的社会信用管理体制。电子商务作为一种新型的商务活动模式，它的每一次交易活动都要涉及到多方参与者，包括参与交易的双方、电子商务网站、第三方物流公司、银行、税务部门、工商、公安以及其他机构，每个参与者都要承担一定的信用责任。他们需要在一个完善的诚信环境下进行交易，但建设这种环境不是电子商务活动的某一参与者具有诚信意识就能解决的问题，这需要社会各方长期共同努力才能营造出来。一个健全的社会信用制度是现代社会健康发展的可靠保证，因此需要做到加大建立社会信用管理体制的宣传；建立企业和个人的信用评价与监管机构；建立企业和个人在电子商务活动过程中的第三方信用服务、认证机构；进一步加强政府信用建设；建立信用奖惩机制；加强网络技术的开发和应用等多个方面的工作，由此逐步建立一个实实在在的诚信社会。
培养全社会的诚信意识和诚信消费习惯。在电子商务活动中，促进完善电子商务诚信机制的另一个至关重要的因素，是人们的诚实守信意识和成熟的诚信消费习惯。诚信消费概念不局限于贷款消费，还应包括人们在消费过程中的互相信任和采用先进的电子信用支付手段。
应该看到，在我国信用评价和监管机制不健全的环境下，人们在交易过程中诚实守信的意识还很淡薄，因为人们的失信成本很低，或者说有时还不存在失信成本，这使得部分人越来越不诚实、不守信。电子商务相对于传统商务模式更需要人们诚实守信，没有全社会各方面的诚信支持，电子商务就是在沙滩上建大厦，信用机制也会是水中浮萍。电子商务发展技术上的差距，可以通过购买引进或独立开发来弥补，但是良好的诚信环境建设和诚信意识的培养，需要人们长期的努力才能培育出来，这是在电子商务诚信机制建设中的难题。
诚信消费也是在人们诚实守信的基础上产生的。如果消费者和企业在电子商务交易过程中习惯于使用电子信用支付手段，电子商务的进程会大大加速。千百年来，中国人在消费时，习惯于绝不借钱消费，习惯于用现金支付。如果让人们在网上购买商品并用电子信用卡支付，就等于让国人从用现金消费跨越到了用信用卡消费的阶段，直接进入了电子支付阶段，这未免强人所难。因此，需要积极稳妥地引导消费者采用先进的诚信消费手段。如果更多人接受了这种电子信用支付模式，就会逐渐将这种消费行为演化为习惯，而这种习惯会大大提高人们的诚信意识，推进电子商务诚信机制的日益完善。
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